![]() ![]() Re-traumatization may also occur when interfacing with individuals who have history of historical, inter-generational and/or a cultural trauma experience. Individuals with multiple trauma experiences often exhibit a decreased willingness to engage in treatment. Re-traumatization is a significant concern, as individuals who are traumatized multiple times frequently have exacerbated trauma-related symptoms compared to those who have experienced a single trauma. There are some “obvious” practices that could be re-traumatizing such as the use of restraints or isolation, however, less obvious practices or situations that involve specific smells, sounds or types of interactions may cause individuals to feel re-traumatized. Re-traumatization is often unintentional. The potential for re-traumatization exists in all systems and in all levels of care: individuals, staff and system/organization. Re-traumatization is any situation or environment that resembles an individual’s trauma literally or symbolically, which then triggers difficult feelings and reactions associated with the original trauma. The intention of Trauma-Informed Care is not to treat symptoms or issues related to sexual, physical or emotional abuse or any other form of trauma but rather to provide support services in a way that is accessible and appropriate to those who may have experienced trauma. When service systems operating procedures do not use a trauma-informed approach, the possibility for triggering or exacerbating trauma symptoms and re-traumatizing individuals increases. Trauma-Informed Care requires a system to make a paradigm shift from asking, “What is wrong with this person?” to “What has happened to this person?” Similar to the change in general protocol regarding universal precautions, Trauma-Informed Care practice and awareness becomes almost second nature and pervasive in all service responses. On an organizational or systemic level, Trauma-Informed Care changes organizational culture to emphasize respecting and appropriately responding to the effects of trauma at all levels. Trauma-Informed Care recognizes the presence of trauma symptoms and acknowledges the role trauma may play in an individual’s life- including service staff. As such, any assumptions you add to your theory introduce further possibilities for error, and if an assumption isn’t improving the accuracy of a theory, it just increases the probability the theory is wrong.Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) is an approach in the human service field that assumes that an individual is more likely than not to have a history of trauma. All things can be ascribed a probability of happening. You can think of it in terms of basic probability theory. As medical students are sometimes told, “When you hear hoof beats, think horses, not zebras.” Or as the US Navy KISS design principle states,“Keep it simple, stupid.” Or if you are a doctor and a patient turns up complaining of a blocked nose, it is more likely they have a common cold than a rare immune-system disorder. If two computer programs do the same job, for example, the shorter one, in which less code can go wrong, is probably preferable. The principle can be applied in many fields of science and logic. Many other people before and after the friar, including Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton, have come up with similar rules, but it is generally attributed (via an alternative spelling of the name of the village in which he grew up) to Ockham because he used the principle with such razor-like logic to state, along with other things, that “God’s existence cannot be deduced by reason alone.” Occam’s razor is a principle often attributed to 14 th century friar William of Ockham that says that if you have two competing ideas to explain the same phenomenon, you should prefer the simpler one.
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